HYPOTHESIS TESTING

Chi‑Square Test of Independence

Test independence between two categorical variables with contingency tables, effect sizes, and cell contribution analysis.

What This Test Provides

Contingency Analysis

Full contingency table with observed vs expected frequencies and chi-square statistic.

Cramér's V Effect Size

Standardized effect size measure with interpretation (negligible, small, medium, large).

Cell Contribution Analysis

Standardized residuals and percentage contribution of each cell to chi-square statistic.

What You Need to Provide

Two categorical variables

Provide a dataset with two categorical columns. We'll create the contingency table and test for independence between the variables.

We calculate expected frequencies, validate cell counts (warning if any < 5), compute standardized residuals, identify cells with maximum contribution to the chi-square statistic, and provide Cramér's V for effect size interpretation.

Dataset with row_variable and column_variable

Quick Specs

RequiredTwo categorical variables
SignificanceAlpha level (default 0.05)
Effect SizeCramér's V with interpretation
ValidationWarns if expected < 5

How We Test

From inputs to interpretable results

1

Build Contingency Table

Cross‑tabulate variables using table() function and calculate expected frequencies.

2

Calculate Statistics

Chi‑square test, standardized residuals, Cramér's V effect size, and cell contributions.

3

Identify Key Drivers

Find cells with maximum contribution to chi‑square and provide visualization datasets.

Why This Analysis Matters

Test associations between categorical variables with comprehensive diagnostics—identify which specific combinations drive the relationship.

Beyond just significance testing, we provide standardized residuals showing which cells contribute most to the chi‑square statistic, Cramér's V for effect size interpretation, and multiple visualization datasets including heatmaps, mosaic plots, and stacked bar charts.

Note: Tool validates expected frequencies and warns if any cells have expected count < 5 (affects test validity).

Ready to Run χ²?

Get a clear answer with effect size

Read the article: Chi‑Square Testing